Publications

See below a list of my scientific publication. For some of them, a short description is included

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-1281

Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=ZMH8qNYAAAAJ&hl=es

J55. M. Victoria, J. W. M. Pullens, G. Torma, M. K. K. Lindhardt, K. A. K. Niazi, M. R. Jahangirlou, Y. V. El Khoury, J. Aschemann-Witzel, C. O. Ottosen, U. Jørgensen, Vertical agrivoltaics in a temperate climate: Exploring technical, agricultural, meteorological, and social dimensions, Energy Nexus 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100526

J54. E.K Gøtske, Y Pratama, GB Andresen, MJ Gidden, M. Victoria, and B. Zakeri, First steps towards bridging integrated assessment modeling and high-resolution energy system models: a scenario matrix for a low-emissions sector-coupled European energy system, Environmental Research Communications, 2025 DOI:10.1088/2515-7620/adf60d

J53. S. Kalweit, E. Zeyen, M. Victoria, Endogenous transformation of land transport in Europe for different climate targets, Energy Conversion and Management 344, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120203

J52. P. Rahdan, E. Zeyen, M. Victoria, Strategic deployment of solar photovoltaics for achieving self-sufficiency in Europe throughout the energy transition, Nature Communications 2025 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-61492-9

This study combines two main novelties. First, we evaluate the European transition path to carbon neutrality when countries want to be energy independent and produce as much energy as they consume, on an annual basis. This self-sufficiency constraint only increases total system cost by 5%, but for some countries, such as Germany, the cost can increase by 50%. Second, we model alternative solar photovoltaic configurations, such as different AC/DC ratios for inverters and horizontal single-axis tracking and found that they are beneficial enough to be part of the optimal solution for many countries.

J51. M. Victoria, Z. Zhang, G. B. Andresen, P. Rahdan, E.K. Gøtske, Lessons learned from establishing a rooftop photovoltaic system crowdsourced by students and employees at Aarhus University, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2025 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.70009

J50. E. Zeyen, S. Kalweit, M. Victoria, T. Brown, Shifting burdens: how delayed decarbonisation of road transport affects other sectoral emission reductions, Environmental Research Letters 20 (4), 044044 10.1088/1748-9326/adc290

J49. E. Mikropoulos, M. Roelfsema, H.H. Chen, I. Staffell, G. Oreggioni, D. Hdidouan, J. Z. Thellufsen, M. A. Chang, P. Fragkos, A. Giannousakis, S. Chatterjee, D. Ürge-Vorsatz, S. Pfenninger, B. Pickering, M. Victoria, T. Brown, D.P van Vuuren, Examining pathways for a climate neutral Europe by 2050; A model comparison analysis including integrated assessment models and energy system models, Energy 319, 134809 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.134809

J48. C. Gallego-Castillo, M. Victoria, PyPSA-Spain: an extension of PyPSA-Eur to model the Spanish energy system, Energy Strategy Reviews 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2025.101764

J47. E. K. Gøtske, G. B. Andresen, F. Neumann, M. Victoria, Designing a sector-coupled European energy system robust to 60 years of historical weather data, Nature Communications 2024 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-54853-

Macro-energy system models typically use one or a few years to determine the optimal capacities and dispatch of generation and transmission assets. Here, we used 60 years of historical weather data to design a sector-coupled climate-neutral European energy system. We found that layouts designed for years with compound weather events prove more robust, achieving a resource adequacy of 99.9% when evaluated on different weather years. This highlights the need to consider multi-decadal weather variability in future infrastructure planning.

J46. P Rahdan, E Zeyen, C Gallego-Castillo, M Victoria, Distributed photovoltaics provides key benefits for a highly renewable European energy system, Applied Energy 360, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122721 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09872

J45. K Ali Khan Niazi and M Victoria, Comparative analysis of photovoltaic configurations for agrivoltaic systems in Europe, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 31, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3727 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.00331

J44. N. M. Haegel, P. Verlinden, M. Victoria, Photovoltaics at multi-terawatt scale: Waiting is not an option, Science 2023, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf6957 Open version: https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/featured-publications/science-vol-380.html

J43. E. Zeyen, M. Victoria, and T. Brown, Endogenous learning for green hydrogen in a sector-coupled energy model for Europe, Nature Communications, 2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39397-2 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11901

J42. F. Neumann, E. Zeyen, M. Victoria, and T. Brown, The potential role of a hydrogen network in Europe, Joule, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.016 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05816

In this study, for the first time, the European energy system is modelled in a network of 181 nodes and comprises the power, heating, land transport, shipping, aviation, and industrial sectors, as well as detailed carbon management. This is the reference paper for the full sector-coupled version of the open model PyPSA-Eur. We found that building a H2 network, mostly by retrofitting the existing methane network, could reduce system cost by 3.4%, while the alternative strategy of extending the power transmission network could system reduce cost by 8.1%.

J41. E. K. Gøtske, G. B. Andresen, and M. Victoria, Cost and Efficiency Requirements for Successful Electricity Storage in a Highly Renewable European Energy System, PRX Energy, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXEnergy.2.023006 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.09169

J40. T. T. Pedersen, M. S. Andersen, M. Victoria, and G. B. Andresen, Using Modeling All Alternatives to explore 55% decarbonization scenarios of the European electricity sector, iScience 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106677

J39. T.T. Pedersen, E.K., Gøtske, A.J. Dvorak, G. B. Andresen, M. Victoria, Long-term implications of reduced gas imports on the decarbonization of the European energy system, Joule (6), 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.023

J38. L. J. Schwenk-Nebbe, J. E. Vind, A. J. Backhaus, M. Victoria, M. Greiner, Principal spatiotemporal mismatch and electricity price patterns in a highly decarbonized networked European power system iScience (25), 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104380

J37. M. Victoria, E. Zeyen, T. Brown, Speed of technological transformations required in Europe to achieve different climate goals, Joule (6) 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.09563

Most macro-energy system analyses focus on a target future year but miss the representation of the transformation pathways and their myopic nature (i.e. the need to deal with legacy energy infrastructure from previous planning horizons). In this study, we include a detailed representation of power, heating, transport and industrial sectors together with modelling the myopic transition pathways from 2020 to 2050 using 5-year planning horizons and different climate targets. This is the reference paper for the myopic approach of the open model PyPSA-Eur.

J36. C. Breyer et al, On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research, IEEE Access (2022) https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193402

J35. A. Aliana, M. Chang, P. A. Østergaard, M. Victoria, A. N. Andersen, Performance assessment of using various solar radiation data in modelling large-scale solar thermal systems integrated in district heating networks, Renewable Energy 190 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.163

J34. P. Tapetado, M. Victoria, M. Greiner, and J. Usaola, Exploring backup requirements to complement wind, solar and hydro generation in a highly renewable Spanish power system, Energy Strategy Reviews (38) 100729 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2021.100729

J33. Ebbe K. Gøtske and M. Victoria, Future operation of hydropower in Europe under high renewable penetration and climate change, iScience 24(9) 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102999 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.07756

Climate change will impact renewable resources, with hydropower being the most affected in Europe. In this study, we evaluate changes in hydropower inflow in Europe at the end of the century under different global warming scenarios, using 2 global circulation models and 3 regional climate models. Northern countries, like Norway, experience large changes in seasonal patterns of inflow due to reduced ice formation. Mediterranean countries like Spain experience a notable reduction in annual inflow. Although inter-model uncertainity is large, the climate signal is robust for most European countries.

J.32. C. del Cañizo, Ana B. Cristóbal, L. Barbosa, G. Revuelta, S. Haas, M. Victoria, M.Brocklehurst, Promoting citizen science in the energy sector: Generation Solar, an open database of small-scale solar photovoltaic installations, Open Research Europe 1, 21 (2021) https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13069.2.

J.31. G. Vallerotto, M. Victoria, N.Jost, S. Askins, C. Domínguez, R. Herrero, I. Antón, Comparison of achromatic doublet on glass Fresnel lenses for concentrator photovoltaics, Optics Express 29(13),20601-20616 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.428160

J.30. L. J. Schwenk-Nebbe, M. Victoria, G. B. Andresen, Dataset: A proxy for historical CO2 emissions related to centralised electricity generation in Europe, Data in Brief 36, 107016 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107016

J.29 M. Victoria, N. Haegel, I. M. Peters, R Sinton, A. Jäger-Waldau, C. Cañizo, C. Breyer, M. Stocks, A. Blakers, I. Kaizuka, K. Komoto, A. Smets, Solar photovoltaics is ready to power a sustainable future, Joule 5, 1-16 (2021), https://10.1016/j.joule.2021.03.005

Most Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) have underestimated the role that solar PV can play in future low-carbon energy systems. This is critical as IAMs results constitute the main scenarios included in the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this review, we discuss the main reasons behind the underestimation of solar PV and compare IAMs results with those provided by energy models using high spatial and temporal resolution. We include a call for action for improving IAMs and changing the paradigm regarding the role that solar PV can play in mitigating climate change. We also identify the challenges for a sustained scaling up of solar PV in the next decade and provide recommendations.

J.28. T. T. Pedersen, M. Victoria, M. G. Rasmussen, G. B. Andresen, Modelling all alternative solutions for highly renewable energy systems, Energy 234, 121294 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121294 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.00836

Near-optimal solutions, whose cost is slightly higher than the optimum, can allow for very different system configurations with additional benefits (e.g., increased robustness or social acceptance). This study presents a new methodology to map the polyhedron representing the space of near-optimal solutions in an energy system optimization problem. First, the boundaries of the polyhedron are determined by successively expanding the volume in directions that increase the capacity of different technologies while only producing an epsilon increase in the system cost. Second, the bounded volume is efficiently sampled to identify thousands of near-optimal solutions. The method is applied to the European power system.

J.27. L. J. Schwenk-Nebbe, M. Victoria, G. B. Andresen, M. Greiner, CO2 quota attribution effects on the European electricity system comprised of self-centered actors, Advances in Applied Energy 2, 100012 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100012

J.26 C. Gallego-Castillo, M. Heleno, M. Victoria, Self-consumption for energy communities in Spain: a regional analysis under the new legal framework, Energy Policy 150, 112144 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112144 Open Version: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06459

J.25 C. Gallego-Castillo and M. Victoria, Improving energy transition analysis tool through hydropower statistical modelling, Energies 14, 98 (2021) https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010098

J.24 M. Victoria, K. Zhu, T. Brown, G. B. Andresen, M. Greiner, Early decarbonisation of the European energy system pays off, Nature communications 11, 6223 (2020) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20015-4

Transition paths are traditionally analysed using coarse models with annual resolution and neglecting transmission grids, while power system models with detailed network representation miss other sectors and the existence of a limited carbon budget. In this work, we combine the two approaches to unveil two significant results. First, we show that it is cost-effective to use solar photovoltaics and wind as the cornerstone of a future decarbonised European Energy system. This contradicts the traditional energy transition narrative that comprises mostly scenarios requiring a significant contribution from biomass and/or nuclear. Second, the myopic modelling approach enabled us to identify that following an early and steady path in which emissions are strongly reduced in the first decade is more cost-effective than following a late and rapid path in which low initial reduction targets quickly deplete the carbon budget and require a sharp reduction later.

J.23 K. Zhu, M. Victoria, T. Brown, G. B. Andresen, M. Greiner, Impact of climatic, technical and economic uncertainties on the optimal design of a coupled fossil-free electricity, heating and cooling system in Europe, Applied Energy 262, 114500 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114500 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.03283

J22. M. Victoria, K. Zhu, T. Brown, G. B. Andresen, M. Greiner, The role of photovoltaics in a sustainable European energy system under variable CO2 emissions targets, transmission capacities, and costs assumptions, Progress in Photovoltaics 28, 483–492 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3198 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.06629

J21. M. Victoria, K. Zhu, T. Brown, G. B. Andresen, M. Greiner, The role of storage technologies throughout the decarbonisation of the sector-coupled European energy system, Energy Conversion and Management 201 (1) 111977, (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111977 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06936

The analysis included in this paper overcomes the previous common understanding (“storage is needed in highly renewable energy systems”) by showing the emergence of two different kinds of storage technologies and the requirement to combine both to ensure the feasible operation of the system. The two storage technologies show fundamentally different characteristics (energy and power capacities) and operation patterns, ensuring the balancing of renewable fluctuations at different timescales.

J20. K. Zhu, M. Victoria, T. Brown, G. B. Andresen, M. Greiner, Impact of CO2 prices on a highly decarbonised coupled electricity and heating system in Europe, Applied Energy 236, 622-634 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.12.016 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.10369

J19. M. Victoria, G. B. Andresen, Using validated reanalysis data to investigate the impact of the PV system configurations at high penetration levels in European countries, Progress in Photovoltaics (27), 576-592 (2019) (Selected for the Issue cover) https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3126 Open version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.10044

J18. M. Victoria, C. Gallego-Castillo, Hourly-resolution analysis of electricity decarbonization in Spain 2017-2030, Applied Energy 233, 674-690 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.055

J17. R. Nuñez, M. Victoria, S. Askins, I. Antón, C. Domínguez, R. Herrero, G. Sala, Spectral impact on multi-junction solar cells obtained by means of component cells of a different technology, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 8, 646-653, https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2782561

J16. G. Vallerotto, M. Victoria, S. Askins, I. Antón, G. Sala, R. Herrero, C. Domínguez, Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics, J. Vis. Exp. (128), 2017, https://doi.org/10.3791/56269

J15. R. Herrero, I. Antón, M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, S. Askins, G. Sala, D. De Nardis, K. Araki, Experimental analysis and simulation of a production line for CPV modules: Impact of defects, misalignments, and binning of receivers. Energy Science & Engineering 5, 257-269 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.178

J14. M. Victoria, S. Askins, R. Herrero, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Assessment of the optical efficiency of a primary lens to be used in a CPV system, Solar Energy 134, 406–415 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.05.016

J13. R. Núñez, J. Chen, M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, S. Askins, R. Herrero, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Spectral study and classification of worldwide locations considering several multijunction solar cell technologies, Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 24, 1214–1228 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2781

J12. R. Núñez, C. Domínguez, S. Askins, M. Victoria, R. Herrero, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Determination of spectral variations by means of component cells useful for CPV rating and design, Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 24, 663–679 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2715

J11. G. Vallerotto, M. Victoria, S. Askins, R. Herrero, C. Domínguez, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Design and modeling of a cost-effective achromatic Fresnel lens for concentrating photovoltaics, Opt. Express 24, A1245–A1256 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.0A1245

J10. C. J. Gallego-Castillo and M. Victoria, Cost-free feed-in tariffs for renewable energy deployment in Spain, Renew. Energy 81, 411–420 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.052

J9. M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, S. Askins, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Experimental analysis of a photovoltaic concentrator based on a single reflective stage immersed in an optical fluid, Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 22, 1213–1225 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2381

J8. J. Cubas, S. Pindado, and M. Victoria, On the analytical approach for modeling photovoltaic systems behavior, J. Power Sources 247, 467–474 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.008

J7. M. Victoria, R. Herrero, C. Domínguez, I. Antón, S. Askins, and G. Sala, Characterization of the spatial distribution of irradiance and spectrum in concentrating photovoltaic systems and their effect on multi-junction solar cells, Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 21, 308–318 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.1183

J6. M. Victoria, S. Askins, C. Domínguez, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Durability of dielectric fluids for concentrating photovoltaic systems, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 113, 31–36 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2013.01.039

J5. M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Antireflective coatings for multijunction solar cells under wide-angle ray bundles, Opt. Express 20, 8136 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.008136

J4. R. Herrero, M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, S. Askins, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Concentration photovoltaic optical system irradiance distribution measurements and its effect on multi-junction solar cells, Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 20, 423–430 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.1145

J3. M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, S. Askins, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Characterizing FluidReflex Optical Transfer Function, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 10ND06 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.51.10ND06

J2. I. Antón, C. Domínguez, M. Victoria, R. Herrero, S. Askins, and G. Sala, Characterization Capabilities of Solar Simulators for Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 10ND12 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.51.10ND12

J1. M. Victoria, C. Domínguez, I. Antón, and G. Sala, Comparative analysis of different secondary optical elements for aspheric primary lenses, Opt Express 17, 6487–6492 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.006487

Courses

At DTU, every Spring semester, I teach the MSc course on Integrated Energy Grids.

Previously, at Aarhus University, I have taught courses on Solar Energy, and Macro-Energy Systems Modelling, and Thermodynamics.

I have edited a textbook on Solar Photovoltaics, which is complemented by an online repository with updated links relevant to every topic and script-based solutions for the problems proposed in every chapter.

I participate in various initiatives and platforms aimed at fostering an informed and rigorous public debate on the energy transition. I am a member of the Critical Energy Observatory, and I collaborate with the Renewable Energy Foundation and ONGAWA, Technology for Human Development.

I have published several articles in press, delivered a TEDx talk, and co-authored a widely recognized report explaining the operation of power markets for the general public. In 2021, I was one of the 100 experts selected by the Spanish Government’s Foresight Office to collaborate on the national strategy España 2050, co-authoring Chapter 4 on achieving a climate-neutral and sustainable society. In 2025, I coauthored the book Un lugar al que llegar. Mapa político de la transición energética.